|
 Spanish verb types
All the verbs in Spanish are divided into three conjugation groups according to the ending in the infinitive (-ar, -er, -ir).
They can also be divided into regular and irregular verbs. Most of them belong to the regular group.
REGULAR VERBS
- 1st conjugation (I)
verbs ending in -ar:
cantar (to sing).
- 2nd conjugation (II)
verbs ending in -er:
comer (to eat).
- 3rd conjugation (III)
verbs ending in -ir:
vivir (to live).
IRREGULAR VERBS
*Irregular verbs are shown in red.
IRREGULARITIES IN THE PRESENT TENSE:
+ Verbs with diptongue:
- E > IE:
calentar (I),
perder (II),
discernir (III)
- I > IE:
adquirir
- O > UE:
contar (I),
volver (II).
- U > UE:
jugar (I).
- E > IE/I:
sentir (III).
- O > UE/U:
dormir (III).
+ Change in the stem vocale:
- E > I:
pedir (III).
- O > U:
podrir (III).
+ Consonants are added in the stem:
- C > CZ:
conocer (II).
- N > NG:
tener (II).
- L > LG:
valer (II),
salir (III).
- S > SG:
asir (III).
- U > UY:
huir (III).
- G added:
caer (II),
oír (III).
+ Other irregularities:
- B > Y in subjnuctive:
haber (II).
- C > G:
hacer (II).
- AB > EP:
caber (II).
- EC > IG:
decir (III).
IRREGULARITIES IN THE PRETERITE TENSE:
+ Change in stem vocale:
- E > I:
gemir (III).
- O > U:
dormir (III).
+ Strong preterites:
- 1st conjugation:
andar,
dar,
estar.
- 2nd conjugation:
querer,
responder,
ver,
traer...
- 3rd conjugation:
conducir,
decir,
ir,
venir.
IRREGULARITIES IN THE FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL:
+ Loss of the protonic vocal:
-
saber (II).
+ Loss of vocal and consonant:
- 2nd conjugation:
hacer.
- 3rd conjugation:
decir.
+ Loss of vocal and addition of consonant:
- 2nd conjugation:
poner.
- 3rd conjugation:
salir.
ORTOGRAPHIC MODIFICATIONS
*Ortographic modifications are shown in blue.
FOR PRESERVING THE PRONUNCIATION:
+ 1st conjugation:
- C > QU:
buscar.
- G > GU:
jugar.
- GU > Gü:
averiguar.
- Z > C:
cruzar.
+ 2nd and 3rd conjugations:
- C > Z:
vencer (II),
esparcir (III).
- G > J:
coger (II),
dirigir (III).
- GU > G:
seguir (III).
- QU > C:
delinquir (III).
CHANGES DUE TO ORTOGRAPHIC RULES:
+ Loss of atonic i:
-
bullir (III),
bruñir (III).
+ Atonic i changes to y:
-
caer (II).
-
oír (III).
-
huir (III).
VERBS ENDING IN -IAR AND -UAR:
-
confiar.
-
continuar.
CHANGES OF THE ORTOGRAPHIC ACCENT:
- U > Ú:
aullar.
- I > Í:
airar.
TOP 10
VOCABULARY
Learn a new spanish word every day with our free spanish vocabulary builder.
Click here
|
